Learn Flutter Framework by Google to Build Beautiful Apps. Learn App Development on FlutterCampus

Kingdom Plantae - Division | Biology Grade XI

Kingdom Plantae

☰   Related Articles

Biodiversity

Kingdom Plantae - Division | Biology Grade XI

Kingdom Plantae - Division

Kingdom Plantae:

The organisms are autotrophic, Body is highly branched, and reserved food is starch This kingdom is divided into 3 groups

Algae:

  • Chlorophyceae (Green Algae)
  • Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae)
  • Rhodophyceae (Red Algae)

Bryophyta (Amphibious Plants) 

  • Liverworts
  • Moss

Trachophyta

  • Pteridophyta (Vascular Cryptogames)
  • Gymnosperms (Naked Seeded Plants)
  • Angiosperms (Closed Seeded Plants)

Algae: 

Chlorophyceae

Phaeophyceae

Rhodophyceae

  • They are known as green algae
  • They comprise about 7000 species
  • They are mostly found in fresh water
  • They contain chlorophylls a,b
  • Cell wall is made up of outer pectose and inner cellulose
  • They are both unicellular and muclticellular
  • Reserved food is stored in the form of starch.
  • Asexual reproduction takes place by the formation fo motile spores like zoospores and aplanospores
  • Sexual reproduction is isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous
  • For eg. Spirogyra.
  • They are known as brown algae They comprise 2000 species
  • They are mostly found in marine water
  • They contain carotene and fucoxanthin as photosynthetic pigents
  • Cell wall is made up of outer alginic acid and inner cellulose
  • They are only multicellular
  • Reserved food is mannitol and lamminarin.
  • Asexual reproduction takes place by the formation of zoospores
  • Sexual reproduction is isogamous or aniso gamous and oogamous
  • For eg Fucus
  • They are known as red algae
  • They comprise about 5000 species They are both aquatic and marine
  • They contain phycoerythrin and phycocyanin as photosynthetic pigments
  • Cell wall is made up of outer pectin and inner cellulose
  • They are unicellular and multicellular
  • Reserved food is stored in the form of floridean starch.
  • Asexual reproduction takes place by the formation of nonmotile spores like monospores
  • Sexual reproduction is only oogamous type
  • For eg Batrachospermum

Bryophyta:

They include 960 genera and 24000 species. They grow in moist and shady places and some are aquatic. Plant body does not bear vascular tissues and not differentiated into root shoot and leaves. They show alternation of generation that is in the life cycle two forms of the plant body are produced.

Gametophytic generation

  • The plant body in this generation produces gametes for sexual reproduction.
  • The gametophytic generation is long lived.
  • The plant body is green; autotrophic consists of root like structures on the ventral surface called rhizoids and scales
  • The plant body bears male and female sex organs where male and female gametes are produced.
  • The male sex organs are called antheridia and the female sex organs are called archegonia.
  • Water is essential for fertilization.
  • No embryo is developed from the development of zygote.

Sporophytic generation:

  • When male and female gametes fuse together zygote is formed which develops into sporophytic plant body.
  • This generation is short lived.
  • The sporophytic plant body is differentiated into foot seta and capsule.
  • Within capsule of saprophyte spores are produced by meiosis division in spore mother cells. Eg. Marchantia, Funaria
  1. Read notes on Marchantia - External, Internal Structure and Reproduction
  2. Read notes on Funaria - External, Internal Structure and Reproduction

Pteridophyta:

They are truly land plants that grow well in moist shady cool places. The plant body is sporophyte, which is differentiated into leaf stem and roots. The sporophyte is the dominant stage in the life cycle. Which is completely independent attheadult stage? They are well-developed vascular plants therefore; they are also called vascular cryptogams. The spores on germination give rise to gametophytic phase, which is short lived. The gametophytic phase is autotrophic and independent. The water is essential for fertilization. Alternation of generation takes place.

Gymnosperm:

Gymnosperms are exposed seeded evergreen plants. They are considered as the earliest plants on the earth after pteridophyta .there are about 70 genera and 725 species. The plant body is sporophytic and differentiated in to root stem and leaves. They are heteroporous.

You may also like to read:

Luna GPS - GPS Tracking system in Nepal
Learn Flutter, App Templates, Packages
Vitamin nepal
Join with us on social media to see our updates on your feed.