Lens Formula for Concave Lens
Consider a ray AD parallel to principal axis falling onto a concave lens of focal length f and being diverged by passing through E. The ray DE is appeared to be diverged from the focus F, so a virtual line DF is drawn that passes through the principal focus. Another ray AF passes through the optical center Intersecting the virtual ray at H forming a virtual image HI.
From the figure,
BC = u = object distance
IC = v = image distance = -v (for virtual image)
FC = f = focal length = -f (for concave lens)
DC = AB
Since ΔABC ~ ΔHIC
AB/HI = BC/IC
AB/HI = u/-v ………… (i)
Similarly, in ΔHIC and ΔDCF
DC/HI = FC/IF
AB/HI = FC/(FC – IC)
AB/HI = -f/{-f -(-v)}
AB/HI = -f/(-f + v) = f/(f-v) ……… (ii)
Equating equation (i) and (ii)
u/-v = f/(f-v)
uf - uv = -vf
uf + vf = uv
dividing both sides by uvf, we get
1/f = 1/u + 1/v
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